CONVEX LENS SIMULATION

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Concept of Image Formation by a Convex Lens

A convex lens is a converging lens that focuses light rays at a point. In this simulation:

• O is the optic center of the lens.
• F1 and F2 are the principal foci on either side of the lens.
• AB represents the object.
• A’B’ represents the image.
• Rays and Colors:
• Blue Ray: A ray parallel to the principal axis passes through the focus on the opposite side after refraction.
• Purple Ray: A ray passing through the optic center (O) is undeviated.
• Green Ray: A ray passing through the first principal focus (F1) emerges parallel to the principal axis on the opposite side.
• Dotted Rays: Show extrapolated paths of the refracted rays to locate the image in case it is virtual.

Cases of Image Formation

Case 1: Object at Infinity

• Position of Image: At the second principal focus (F2).
• Nature of Image: Real, inverted, and highly diminished (point-sized).

Case 2: Object Beyond 2F1

• Position of Image: Between F2 and 2F2.
• Nature of Image: Real, inverted, and diminished.

Case 3: Object at 2F1

• Position of Image: At 2F2.
• Nature of Image: Real, inverted, and same size as the object.

Case 4: Object Between F1 and 2F1

• Position of Image: Beyond 2F2.
• Nature of Image: Real, inverted, and magnified.

Case 5: Object at F1

• Position of Image: At infinity.
• Nature of Image: Real, inverted, and highly magnified.

Case 6: Object Between Lens and F1

• Position of Image: On the same side as the object.
• Nature of Image: Virtual, upright, and magnified.

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Instructions to Use the Animation

Object Distance Slider:

• Adjust the position of the object (AB) by moving the slider.
• Observe how the image (A’B’) changes position, size, and nature.

Object Height Slider:

• Change the height of the object by adjusting the slider.
• See how this affects the magnification and size of the image.

Focal Length Slider:

• Modify the focal length of the lens to observe changes in the lens’s converging properties.

Observation:

• Track the paths of the three rays (blue, purple, green) to understand the behavior of light as it refracts through the lens.
• Dotted lines will guide you in locating virtual images.

Important Note:

• When the rays are not paraxial (close to the principal axis), spherical aberrations may occur, causing distortions in the image. This simulation assumes ideal conditions for paraxial rays.